Nanoparticles have recently been applied to increase the antimicrobial activity and the spectrum of action of existing, well-known therapeutic medications or herbal products. The present study sought to synthesize and investigate the antimicrobial effects of Salvia officinalis flavonoid extract and its corresponding flavonoid nanoparticles. The study also aimed to detect and quantify the flavonoids present in Salvia officinalis, assess their antioxidant activity, and identify the active chemical constituents using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Additionally, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) test was conducted to investigate the size of the produced nanoparticles. The extracted Salvia officinalis flavonoids demonstrated notable antioxidant activity compared to the control (vitamin C). FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of multiple functional groups, including amine (–NH), aliphatic (–CH₂), olefinic (–C=C–), and carbonyl (C=O) groups. The flavonoid nanoparticles exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity than the crude flavonoid extract against the three reference microbial strains tested in this study.
