The present study aimed to investigate urine composition in patients with thalassemia. A total of 60 thalassemia patients and 40 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this case-control study. Fresh urine specimens are collected from patients and controls and tested using standard test strips to investigate physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. The urine colour changed to an amber colour, and specific gravity was significantly higher (p=0.0001) in thalassemia patients (2.71±1.3) compared to the control group (1.03±0.037). The urine was significantly (p=0.031) more alkaline in thalassemia patients (pH=6.25±0.722) than in controls (6±0). Nitrite, protein sugars, bilirubin, ketones, and urobilinogen revealed differences between control and thalassemia patients. Leukocyte testing revealed a significantly (p=0.021) higher level in control subjects (2±0) compared to thalassemia patients (1.88±0.324). The pus cell counts in the urine of thalassemia patients (6.22±1.904) were markedly elevated (p=0.001) versus control subjects (1.43±0.747). The RBCs in urine in thalassemia patients (9.3±1.018) showed a significant increase (p=0.001) versus control subjects (0.75±1.463). The average count of epithelial cells in urine of thalassemia patients (0.78±0.480) were significantly higher (p=0.0001) versus control subjects (0.403±0.2). The average urine casts in thalassemia patients (0.44±0.1) were significantly higher (p=0.001) versus control subjects (0.221±0.05). These results provided direct clue for subclinical renal changes in thalassemia patients, demanding frequent followup of renal function in these patients.
