6 Mercaptopurine (6MP) is extensively utilized in oncology and inflammatory disorders such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (allopurinol and febuxostat), utilized as first-line treatments for hyperuricemia, may affect the absorption of 6-mercaptopurine (6MP). This study aims to assess the impact of allopurinol and febuxostat on the oral bioavailability of 6-mercaptopurine (MP). Allopurinol and febuxostat were evaluated for their effects on the plasma levels of 6MP. Three cohorts of healthy rabbits were assigned to an experimental protocol involving varying dosages of 6MP: 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg allopurinol, and 30 mg/kg febuxostat. The hematological data indicate that allopurinol pretreatment markedly enhances 6MP bioavailability, necessitating meticulous dosage modifications. Administering 6MP alongside XOIs necessitates a substantial reduction in dosage, typically to one-third of the standard level, to prevent severe adverse effects. To guarantee patient safety and therapeutic effectiveness, stringent monitoring and personalized dosages are essential.
