In recent years, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have gained considerable attention due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties, with applications spanning medicine, electronics, and environmental remediation. However, conventional synthesis methods often involve toxic reagents, high energy input, and harsh conditions, raising sustainability and environmental concerns. To address these issues, this study explores a green synthesis approach for ZnO nanoparticles using Tinospora cordifolia extract, a medicinal plant known for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this eco-friendly method, T. cordifolia extract acts as both a reducing and stabilizing agent, enabling the formation of ZnO nanoparticles from zinc nitrate solution under mild, non-toxic conditions. Characterization of the nanoparticles was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). FTIR analysis indicated the presence of plant-derived functional groups involved in nanoparticle synthesis, while XRD confirmed the crystalline structure of the ZnO nanoparticles. SEM imaging revealed uniformly distributed particles with consistent morphology. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles was assessed using the disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive). The results showed significant inhibition zones, demonstrating the nanoparticles' potent antimicrobial properties. This green synthesis method offers a sustainable, low-cost alternative to conventional ZnO nanoparticle production.
