Cartilage is a tissue without blood vessels and lymph, and extensive damage causes it to lose its ability to repair and regenerate. Cartilage diseases, including cartilage damage and arthritis, are increasing day by day. The damage to the cartilage causes the daily functioning of the patients to be disturbed and causes pain in the patient through wear of the bones. Common methods used to treat invasive cartilage injuries have low efficacy and include implantation of one's chondrocytes, microfracture, bone marrow stimulation, and removal of the damaged part. Common treatments are usually not definitive methods and stem cells and cartilage tissue engineering are used. The purpose of this study was to review stem cells used in cartilage cell therapy and cartilage tissue engineering. Also, in this study, cell messenger factors such as growth factors, and mechanical and environmental factors were investigated. According to the results of this study, stem cells are effective in repairing cartilage, but the mechanism and method of creating this repair have not been precisely determined. The highest security in the use of cell therapy in cartilage was related to mesenchyme cells and the most clinical use of these types of cells. Cell therapy for patients is done clinically, but cartilage tissue engineering has a long way to reach the clinical stage.
