A short interpregnancy interval is a known risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the effectiveness of multivitamin support in women with metabolic depletion from a prior pregnancy and lactation combined with chronic prenatal stress remains poorly understood. This study examined how chronic prenatal stress, modeling a short interpregnancy interval, affects pregnancy and offspring development in rats and whether multivitamins are protective. We used 80 female Wistar rats divided into four groups: control (rested), vitamins (rested), stress (depleted), and stress+vitamins (depleted). We assessed reproductive outcomes, biochemical and hormonal markers, and physical and neuropsychiatric offspring development. Among depleted females exposed to stress, the preterm birth rate reached 35%, the fetal resorption rate 20%, the newborn weight dropped by 28%, and corticosterone levels were 2.4-fold higher than controls. Their offspring showed delayed physical development, slower reflex maturation, and increased anxiety. Multivitamin supplementation reduced preterm births by 15% and resorption by 5%, increased newborn weight by 18%, and improved offspring development. However, none of these parameters reached control levels. In conclusion, multivitamin correction offers only partial protection under conditions of a short interpregnancy interval and chronic prenatal stress. This finding supports a comprehensive clinical approach that includes, alongside vitamin therapy, adequate maternal rest, recovery, and psychosocial support.
