The present study is devoted to the study of the features of damage to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). A prospective cohort study involved 128 patients divided into three groups: 42 patients with RA, 38 with OA, and 48 healthy controls. The comprehensive examination included a clinical examination, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electromyography of the masticatory muscles, and computer axiography. The results showed a high incidence of TMJ damage: 83.3% in the RA group and 68.4% in the OA group. A strong correlation was found between the duration of the disease and the degree of destruction of articular surfaces (r=0.72). The correlation between the level of antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP) and the intensity of pain syndrome (r=0.61) has been established. Electromyography revealed a significant increase in the bioelectric activity of the masticatory muscles at rest (8.2±2.1 MV in RA versus 3.1±0.9 MV in the control). Occlusive disorders were found in 64.3% of patients with RA and 52.6% with OA. Molecular genetic analysis showed an association of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) gene polymorphism with the progression of destructive changes (OR=2.34). The information gathered highlights the necessity of early detection and a comprehensive strategy for treating patients with TMJ lesions who also have systemic arthritis. The study demonstrates the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between rheumatologists and dentists to improve functional outcomes and quality of life for patients.
