The transmission of viral hepatitis through hemocontact continues to be a significant public health problem because it affects numerous people at high rates throughout the world. The ongoing surveillance efforts fail to detect numerous cases of infection, which makes prevention initiatives more challenging. The study measured viral hepatitis B (HBV) and viral hepatitis C (HCV) serological marker distribution and new cases among Osh region inhabitants from 2015 through 2024. Analytical, statistical, and laboratory methods were employed in the study. Official regional reporting forms served as the primary data sources. Incidence and carrier rates were calculated per 100,000 population, and long-term patterns were evaluated through retrospective analysis. Serological markers were detected using ELISA test systems in accordance with national laboratory standards. Statistical processing included calculation of extensive and intensive indicators, determination of mean values, and assessment of significance using the Student t test. The HBV/HCV epidemiological situation was tense throughout the research. Official registration showed the pattern but understated the burden. HBV and HCV carrier rates increased by 2.8 and 2, respectively. HBV marker prevalence remained 2.6 times higher than HCV marker prevalence. Injecting drug users, sex workers, chronic disease patients, detainees, and STD patients had higher carriage rates. Carriage of viral hepatitis markers exceeded officially reported incidence by 2.3 times. For HBV, this gap increased to 5.5 times by 2024, and for HCV it ranged from 3.1 to 5.7 times. Reliable assessment of the true burden of viral hepatitis requires enhanced monitoring of serological marker carriage alongside routine surveillance.
