Written by González-Hernández Juan Carlos*
Published On Issue 1 Vol 9, 2018
The mezcal production in the state of Michoacán, located in central Mexico, is considered an informal activity with little to no regulation. The raw material is obtained from wild Agave populations, where dozens of species proliferate without any type of management. Consequently, the process is inefficient and the product obtained does not comply with the Mexican Mezcal Regulatory Council’s standards. Therefore, the object of this study was to analyze fermentation using a variety of yeast str
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Written by Arun Kumar Sharma
Published On Issue 1 Vol 9, 2018
The application of surfactants in daily life increases due to a large number of useful applications in industries and pharmaceuticals. The synthesized copper soaps and their urea and benzothiazole complexes have been confirmed by IR, NMR spectral analysis. The antifungal activities of copper soaps derived from mustard and sesame oils and their urea benzothiazole complexes have been evaluated by testing against Aspergillus Fumigatusa and Aspergillus Niger at different concentrations by P.D.A. tec
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Written by Amrik Singh
Published On Issue 1 Vol 9, 2018
Biodiesel is mono alkyl ester of long chain fatty acids derived from transesterification of triacyl glycerol present in renewable feed stocks such as vegetable oils and animal fats. Transesterification is a reversible process and proceeds appreciably by the addition of a catalyst. The catalysts can be homogenous, heterogeneous or enzymatic catalysts. It is affected by molar ratio of oil to alcohol, type and amount of catalysts, reaction temperature, reaction time and free fatty acids and water c
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Written by Amin Reza Jamshidi
Published On Issue 1 Vol 9, 2018
The development of a mathematical model for a process is reaching assumptions regarding the way the process can be accomplished. Fermentation is an exothermic reaction that causes an increase in the temperature of fermentation environment. Therefore, the present study tries offering an appropriate model for temperature changes of the sugarcane molasses fermentation environment. To thermally model the fermentation process, Fourier heat conduction equations have been utilized. A cylindrical reacto
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Written by Haneen Lateef Khaleel
Published On Issue 1 Vol 9, 2018
This research aims at preparing the nano-cellulose in a new way, using technology and raw materials available in the ocean. In this research, waste paper residues isolated from the other wastes (household, industrial, etc.) were completely used. Usually, the initial residues of the waste paper industry will be deposited in the waste. This will cause pollution to the environment. In this way, we will eliminate one of the environmental pollution factors by producing a useful material from these re
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Written by F.A. Alseroury
Published On Issue 1 Vol 9, 2018
Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) have attained substantial importance in the recent years. The high energy consumption and environmental impacts of present desalination process has put mounts pressure to search for alternative desalination techniques. In search for sustainable and low cost desalination alternatives, microbial desalination at present has been known as self-sustaining (in terms of energy) and low cost process. Additionally, MDCs provide a dual benefit of waste treatment in line
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Written by Munazza Gull
Published On Issue 1 Vol 9, 2018
The major objective of the study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of cadmium chloride on nutrients that are available and biochemical properties of four varieties of wheat PUNJAB-2011, MILLAT-2011, LASANI and AARI. It has been estimated that chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents were decreased under CdCl2 stress conditions. However, the uptake of cadmium was increased in all levels of cadmium stress (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) in both shoots and roots (mg
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Written by Raouf H
Published On Issue 1 Vol 9, 2018
Usually, polyhydroquinolines have prepared effectively in a four-component Hantzsch reaction using a novel Cu (II) complex. This green and reusable Catalyst is used in one case condensation reaction of dimedone, various aldehyde, ammonium acetate and ethyl acetoacetate under solvent and free-solvent conditions. This method offers many advantages such as simple work-up procedure, mild reaction conditions, easy isolation of product, environmentally benign and high product yield.
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Written by Moradi M.
Published On Issue 1 Vol 9, 2018
For the purpose of synthesizing some new benzofuran derivatives, the electro-oxidation of N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-benzene-1,4-diamine (1a) was accomplished in the presence of barbituric acids as nucleophiles in an aqueous phosphate buffer solution. The results show that electrogenerated quinone-imine (2a), participate in the reaction with barbiturics via the ECEC mechanism to construct the corresponding benzofuran derivatives (7a-b). The electro-synthesis of these compounds (7a-b) was perf
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Written by Alireza Mohebbi and Mohammad Aghajanpour
Published On Issue 1 Vol 9, 2018
Cerebrospinal fluid leak in the patients without a history of trauma, surgery, malformation, tumor, or radiotherapy is known as spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak. The present report introduces a patient that was hospitalized due to a three-month rhinorrhea of cerebrospinal fluid. The patient was an elderly 65-year-old woman with obesity who had been referred to the clinic since three months ago because of intermittent nasal rhinorrhea. The patient did not have any history of trauma to t
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