This study investigates the potential of novel biocomplexes derived from maral antlers (Pantobiol-4 formulations) to counteract cognitive impairment in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by amyloid-beta 25-35 injection. Three Pantobiol preparations (Pantobiol-4-1, Pantobiol-4-2, and Pantobiol-4-3) were evaluated at different doses using behavioral (novel object recognition and passive avoidance) and biochemical [choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels] analysis. The experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the Pantobiol-4 group in restoring central nervous system functions impaired by beta-amyloid toxicity, targeting the basal nucleus. The results show that Pantobiol-4 therapies, especially Pantobiol-4-3, can considerably improve learning capacities, normalize cholinergic function, and restore cognitive function, as evidenced by improved performance in behavioral tests and restoration of ChAT activity. Pantobiol-4 formulations also modulated testosterone and DHEA levels altered by beta-amyloid. The normalization of DHEA content observed with Pantobiol-4 treatments suggests a potential antioxidant component. The data obtained indicate a wide range of biological activity of the tested biocomplexes and the specific nature of their effects on cognitive functions, confirming that their complex protective action may include antioxidant effects. Analysis of the behavioral and biochemical data supports that Pantobiol-4 formulations hold promise as therapeutic agents for mitigating cognitive deficits associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
