Introduction: Persian medicine (PM) as a holistic system of medicine, have believed in the existence of Cold and Hot natures in humans and foods. In the context of this theory, people of a particular temperament (mizaj) are susceptible to certain diseases due to their individual temperament during their life and may need different treatments for the same disease and even different lifestyle recommendations for health care and disease prevention. The aim of this study is to review the correlation between Mizaj-dependent qualities and gynecological diseases. Method: In this review which was performed in 2018, required data was gathered using electronic databases, such as Google scholar, Pub med, Web of science, EMBASE and Chinese Iran Medex journal database as well as local references. The key terms used in this study were temperament, mizaj, dystemperament, sue mizaj, CAM, and gynecological disease.orginal and translated books were used. Results: According to this study, cold temperament plays an important role in the gynecological disease. Vaginitis, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, urinary incontinence, and infertility are associated with cold dystemperament. Cervicitis and hypermenorrhea are associated with hot dystemperament. There was no significant relationship between postpartum depression and temperament. Conclusion: Recognizing the temperament of individuals and their relationship with their diseases is essential in treatment. Adherence to Persian medicine recommendations, in dealing with each person's temperament, can be effective in improving their lifestyle and health promotion.
