Dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by a decline in cognitive function, with Alzheimer’s disease being the most prevalent form. Current pharmacological treatments offer only limited symptomatic relief, prompting increasing interest in alternative strategies. Emerging evidence suggests that the plant-derived compounds may play a role as potential adjuncts in the management of dementia. This review explores the neuroprotective properties of selected medicinal plants, including Ginkgo biloba (enhancing cerebral blood flow and mitochondrial activity), Curcuma longa (inhibiting amyloid-beta aggregation), Glycyrrhiza glabra (improving cholinergic transmission), Panax ginseng (modulating oxidative stress and amyloid toxicity), and Camellia sinensis (reducing oxidative damage and supporting cognitive function). By synthesizing findings from preclinical and clinical studies retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, this review highlights how these botanicals act on multiple pathological pathways associated with dementia, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid deposition, and cholinergic dysfunction. Although clinical outcomes remain inconsistent due to variations in study design, dosage, and extract standardization, these plants exhibit promising therapeutic potential with favourable safety profiles. The review emphasizes the need for standardized formulations, well-designed clinical trials, and personalized treatment protocols to establish their efficacy and integrate them effectively into dementia care.
