Introduction: training alone or as a part of a cardiac rehabilitation programs can be beneficial for patients with acute coronary artery disease. However, due to diversity of proposed programs, various studies have yielded different results in this area. The objective of this research is to evaluate the various forms of training as a rehabilitation method after acute myocardial infarction on the autonomic system activity. Methodology: In this prospective and case-control study, a total of 60 patients with the first acute myocardial infarction were randomly selected. Trainings controlled by treadmill for 15 to 20 minutes, three days per week for three weeks and then 5 weeks of training at home, including 30-minute walking 3 times per week based on the heart rate were used in two groups (each contained 20 subjects). The control group performed 8 weeks of training at home. HRV parameters including SDNN, LF, HF, TP, pNN50, and SDNN index, SDANN and LF / HF were measured at baseline and one week after the completion of the rehabilitation programmed in all patients.Results: in three groups of A, B, and control, the mean SDNN variations (28.30, 29.28 and 15.40, respectively), the mean LF variations (57.10, 198.8, and -47.70, respectively), the mean HF variations ( -11.70, 120.60 and -58.10, respectively), the mean TP variations (192.80, 1251.20 and -225.00, respectively), the mean NN50 variations (0.80, 4.60 and -0.40, respectively), the mean variations in SDNN index (90.20, 13.4 and -0.20, respectively), and the mean SDANN variations (80.80, 22.24 and 16.20, respectively) were significantly higher in intervention groups. However, no significant difference was observed between two intervention groups and the mean variations in LF / HF were not significant among three groups.Conclusion: The present study revealed that rehabilitation based on planned training at hospital compared to training at home had more favorable impact on autonomic nervous system activity after acute myocardial infarction. For this reason, the establishment of rehabilitation centers in hospitals seems to be necessary, since uncontrolled rehabilitation at home may have less impact due to different reasons such as inadequate patient compliance.
