Background: Sleep apnea is a common disorder with a range of harmful sequelae. This term includes obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea. The distinction between these two types is important to optimize management for the patient. Most patients are comorbid and they suffer from obesity, heart failure, type 2 DM, or CNS disease. Objectives : We aimed to review the literature on sleep apnea, along with the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and new management updates. Methodology: PubMed database was used for article selection, papers were obtained and reviewed. Conclusion: Sleep apnea is an important cause of the reduction in quality of life. Proper diagnosis and management require both optimal care from the treating physician and adherence by the patient. The treatment has been evolving to be tailored to each patient’s needs and not following the “one-size-fits-all” method that used to be used.
