A significant worry is the impact of non-biodegradable plastic garbage. Consequently, efforts are being made to make bioplastics from living resources based on those materials' capacity to decompose. The cost-effectiveness of these resources has led scientists to explore alternatives, such as photoautotrophic cyanobacteria. The prospective significance and rising popularity of exploiting cyanobacteria as a PHB resource are described in this review. Numerous studies demonstrate that under stressful conditions, different cyanobacterial species build up intracellular poly-hydroxybutyrate granules as carbon and energy stores. PHB is thermoplastic that is biocompatible, environmentally benign, and degradable. They may be utilized in numerous ways, comparable to many non-biodegradable petrochemical plastics now in use, and vary in hardness and flexibility, depending on their composition. Promising methods include genetically modifying microorganisms to incorporate manufacturing routes under study over the past 20 years. This type of study focuses on the use of alternate substrates, innovative extraction techniques, genetically altered species, and mixed cultures to produce PHB from cyanobacteria. We have also discussed various applications of polyhydroxybutyrate in this review.
