Background & Objective: Pleural effusion is a rare and life threating manifestation of ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome, and can lead to ICU admission. It is a rare case of pleural effusion following controlled ovarian hyper stimulation artificial reproductive technique. Case report: A 22 years old women was admitted in ICU. The patients presented with complain of dyspnea, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Ultrasound guided paracentisis for drainage of massive ascites was premed also was necessary for bilateral thoracentesis pleural effusion. Conclusion: Although OHSS still occurs and relatively common but pleural effusion is an unusual finding of this syndrome. Physicians should be familiar with risk factors, early diagnosis and aware of the rare and underestimated complication if OHSS such as pleural effusion that can be compromise the health of the patient or to cause even death.
