Introduction: Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex disorder. According to the previous findings, OCD patients suffer from neuropsychological impairments. The aim of the present research is to study the executive function impairments in OCD. Method: 30 OCD patients and 30 healthy controls were selected using convenience sampling method. OCD patients and the controls were matched regarding their gender, age, and IQ. The study method was causal-comparative. Research tools were Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Raven's Progressive Matrices. Data were analyzed using MANOVA and independent t-test. Results: Results showed that individuals with OCD had a significantly weaker performance in cognitive flexibility (WSCT) in comparison with the healthy control group. However, there was no significant difference between two groups in performing decision- making under ambiguity. Moreover, it can be mentioned that OCD patients who had the disorder for a shorter period of time, had a significantly weaker cognitive flexibility. Conclusion: The results of this study have concluded that OCD patients have a weaker cognitive flexibility compared to the healthy individuals, also, OCD duration affects patients’ cognitive flexibility.
