At the end of the observation, there were no significant changes in the recorded characteristics in the control group. The surveyed students who formed the main group, at the end of adaptive football lessons, found an increase in their physical capabilities (Table 1). This was evidenced by the dynamics of their physical capabilities (decrease in the time spent running for several short distances; increase in the distance of the jump), increase in the level of strength (increase in the number of pull-ups and body lifts from a horizontal position), optimization of coordination (fast shuttle run, a large number of jumps on a skipping rope in 25 seconds) and stimulation of endurance (greater distance covered by running in 6 minutes).

After six months of regular training in the main group during physical activity, the manifestations of fatigue weakened. This was judged by the dynamics of sensations and a decrease in the value of the pulse under load at the end of the study. In the control, this indicator was unchanged during the entire observation period. During the training in adaptive football among the boys of the main group, the most difficult movements in mastering were movements with a high speed of implementation and a rapid change in the vector of movement, jogging from a place with a quick stop, a combination of running and dribbling with a transition to walking with a changing direction of movement.

Acceleration of mastering the skills of rational leg movements occurred in the course of frequent repetition of motor actions by the trainees. The boys included in the main group, after 6 months of training in the football section, increased locomotor stability, reduced the number of irrational movements during active movements, and developed the ability to long-term deep breathing.

A very important aspect in the development of motor actions in football is the correlation between the duration of the shuttle run and the time of running the thirty-meter run (r=0.681; p<0.056) found at the end of the work. Improvement in jumping results using the standard rope correlated among the observed football players by the end of the study with the distance of the jump on the plane (r=0.517; p<0.052). The revealed acceleration of running at different distances was also correlated with the value of the distance of a jump from a place without a run (r=0.610; p<0.51).

Physical activity has long been considered to be a strong stimulant for all body tissues (Shilenok, 1997; Zavalishina, 2021). By increasing the work of striated muscles, lower extremities, and torso during football training, the body activates metabolism, hemodynamics in all organs, and protein synthesis processes (Karpov et al., 2021a). In regularly working muscles, capillaries open to allow blood cells to pass through (Fayzullina et al., 2020). With an increase in muscle activity, a larger amount of oxygen comes to the skeletal muscles and more substances that have plastic and energy significance (Dorontsev et al., 2022). Under these conditions, skeletal muscles significantly activate the synthesis of various proteins and generate more adenosine triphosphate (Vorobyeva et al., 2020). This increases their size and enhances their strength characteristics (Karpov et al., 2020).

It is known that feasible physical activity, which is not excessive for the body, enhances all processes in it (Zavalishina, 2020c). This has previously been found in a young human body and a mature human body without obvious pathology (Zavalishina et al., 2018). There were no significant gender differences in body responses to adequate physical activity (Vorobyeva et al., 2018c).

Of particular interest have always been studies on the effect of physical activity on a sick organism, including those with impaired functions of analyzers (Zavalishina et al., 2021b). In these studies, regular moderately dosed muscle activity was considered an effective approach to health improvement or a component of ongoing treatment (Tkacheva & Zavalishina, 2019; Mikhaylova et al., 2021). However, with the existing somatic pathology, it is not possible in all cases to improve the patient's condition by using only physical training. They can rightly be considered a significant element of general strengthening procedures, often as part of often different complexes aimed at eliminating the pathology of somatically different (Karpov et al., 2021b; Zavalishina et al., 2021c).

Increasing muscle activity is recognized as having more opportunities in terms of health improvement when one analyzer malfunctions (Zavalishina et al., 2021d). At the same time, the effect of physical training on the level of physical development in hearing loss remains not completely clear. The effect of regular football training in the presence of hearing loss has not yet been fully elucidated. Their health-improving potential for hearing loss in adolescence has not been definitively established. The serious need for these studies is because hearing loss can impair socialization, lower the quality of life and significantly reduce a person's ability to work.

Recently, disruptions in the work of analyzers are increasingly common among young people, which leads to the impossibility of fully realizing their labor potential inherent in nature, often contributing to the appearance of disability. For this reason, a further search for types of physical stimulation of a young organism with hearing loss is very relevant today. Regular football training can be considered an effective way of influencing the body which can help in this case. Their potential for hearing loss is still undervalued due to testing in a few studies.

Previously used for many disorders in the body, physical activity has always had a strictly therapeutic orientation. Most often these were different types of athletics. They showed a therapeutic effect on a sick human body, but their ability to increase the physical fitness of the deaf was unclear. At the same time, one could unambiguously think that an increase in physical activity stimulates an increase in the volume of skeletal muscles.

Applying physical activity, in our study, it was not possible to influence the severity of hearing loss. In addition, the preventive possibilities of increasing muscle activity in young people in terms of reducing the risk of developing hearing pathology and aggravating existing hearing loss also remain highly controversial. At the same time, the possibility of physical stimulation of hearing-impaired youths with the help of football training was unequivocally clear. Given these circumstances, the study, on the one hand, closed the existing gaps in scientific knowledge, and, on the other hand, confirmed the already known information.

The results of the observation testified to the serious health-improving manifestations of systematic football training in people of adolescence with hearing loss. The results obtained in the study suggest that regular football can normalize heart parameters and increase physical capabilities.

The information found in the course of this study unequivocally indicates a serious health-improving potential of playing football in people adolescence with hearing loss. Significantly more functionally beneficial changes found at the end of the observation in the group of trainees were determined by more pronounced stimulation of the muscles of the leg of the trunk in the young men of this group during their football activities. Considering the obtained results, it becomes clear that frequent football loads should be considered an effective means of general somatic strengthening of young men, not only healthy but also those with severe hearing loss.

The authors believe that, despite some difficulty in coming into contact with young people, it is quite possible to involve them in regular football training in an organized way. Moreover, such regular training enhances the functioning of their muscular system, circulatory system, and respiratory system. In this regard, it is clear that significant muscle activity during regular football training increases the overall adaptive capacity of vital organs. An essential mechanism for increasing the physical capabilities of the body of young men and its cardiovascular system due to the growth of regular physical activity (Zavalishina & Makhov, 2019; Karpov et al., 2019a). This creates conditions for increasing its capabilities concerning the oxygen supply of all formations in the body (Zavalishina et al., 2019). At the same time, in conditions of an increase in general physical activity due to football training in young men with hearing loss, the degree of myocardial development increases with biologically favorable inhibition of hemostasis, which ensures optimal hemocirculation in tissues (Evgrafov & Kuznetsov, 2010).

An increase in locomotor stability in people included in the main group after six months of training is associated with successful adaptation to physical stress in trainees of their entire muscular system (Karpov et al., 2019b). The increase in the degree of stability of the subjects in the process of running along a changing trajectory during six-month training in adaptive football was also provided during the implementation of sports activities due to the development of an increase in the fitness of their vestibular system (Zavalishina et al., 2021e; Zavalishina et al., 2021f).

Taking into account the information known from the scientific literature and the data of our research, it is legitimate to assume that in the case of regular physical activity during football training, the development of skeletal muscles increases and the mobility of the main joints increases (Mal et al., 2021). Systematic football training leads to an increase in biosynthetic processes in various cells, optimizing the state of all parts of the body (Skoryatina et al., 2017). Physical activity during football loads brings into line the processes of excitation and inhibition in the cerebral cortex, the subcortex, in the autonomic nervous system, strengthening the body and preventing the appearance of many types of pathology (Mal et al., 2019; Makurina et al., 2022).

Conclusion

The possibility of significant improvement in conditions of a dosed muscle load is well known. Football training can be considered very effective in terms of recovery, and stimulating physical fitness among trainees. At the end of six months of adaptive football training, the students with congenital hearing loss significantly increased their strength capabilities, increased speed parameters, improved coordination of movements, and increased overall endurance. The presence of physical activity only during physical education classes at the place of study was not accompanied by changes in the recorded indicators. Regular adaptive football classes effectively stimulate movement and increase the overall physical performance of young men with congenital hearing loss during their university studies.

Acknowledgments: The team of authors thanks the administration of the Russian State Social University for the opportunity to research its basis.

Conflict of interest: None

Financial support: None

Ethics statement: The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the Russian State Social University on September 15, 2019 (protocol №11).